Chapter 13 — Time Goes On

It is about time — reading calendars, counting days and months in a year, telling the time on a clock, and understanding how long different activities take.

Children make a calendar for the month of July 2024, then answer questions such as how many Sundays July has, which dates fall on Thursdays, and on what date a school reopens after a 15-day closure starting July 7.

The chapter asks children to write the names of all 12 months, identify the month with fewer than 30 days, and find the total number of days in a year. It also asks whether there are 52 or 53 weeks in a year.

Children learn to observe the hour and minute hands on an analog clock, draw hands to show times like quarter past 8 and half past 8, and calculate how many minutes have passed between a start time and an end time.

An analog clock shows time using moving hour, minute, and second hands on a numbered face. A digital clock shows time using digits only, without any moving hands.

Children are guided to make a simple sand clock using two small transparent bottles, their joined caps with a tiny hole, and fine sand. They then use a regular clock to measure how long it takes for the sand to shift from one bottle to the other.

Children study a sample birth certificate for Bincy Thomas Jacob, who was born on 02/05/2015 in Kerala, and answer questions such as how old Bincy will be on 2 May 2025, what year her 8th birthday falls on, and how many months old she was on 2 August 2015.

It is the format for writing a date: DD stands for the day number, MM stands for the month number, and YY stands for the last two digits of the year. For example, 02/05/2015 means the 2nd day of the 5th month (May) of the year 2015.

Children talk to their mother to find out their own age today, their mother's age, and their grandmother's age, and also figure out how old their grandmother was when their mother was born and when they themselves were born.

Children fill in a table sorting everyday activities into those that take minutes (like taking a shower), hours, days, weeks, or months (like knitting a sweater or the change from summer to winter), building a practical sense of time duration.

The chapter lists Indian festivals including Deepawali, Makar Sankranti, Ganesh Chaturthi, Mahavir Jayanti, Eid-al-Fitr, Independence Day, Dussehra, Gurupurab, Buddha Purnima, Republic Day, and Christmas, asking children to find which ones fall on the same date.

Children compare calendars from two different years and check whether the names of months, the number of days in a month, the days in a week, the number of Sundays, and the number of weeks in a year stay the same or change from year to year.