Chapter 12 — Give and Take

It is about adding and subtracting 3-digit numbers. The chapter uses the theme of giving and taking — sharing saplings, buying things, and earning money — to make the maths feel real and meaningful for children.

A box diagram is a simple picture that shows the numbers in a problem using boxes and arrows before any calculation. The chapter uses it so children can understand what they are being asked to find before they start solving.

It shows that when you cannot take ones away directly, you break 1 ten into 10 ones first. For example, to subtract 75 from 230, children change 1 ten into 10 ones so they can take 5 ones away.

The chapter features Kishan, who runs a plant nursery and grows a variety of saplings, and Peter uncle, a village shopkeeper who earns money by selling rice and sugar. There is also a short story about Jadupur village where people exchanged goods like rice, vegetables, and sarees before money existed.

Children match notes and coins of equal value, find at least two ways to pay for items using given notes and coins, and work out how many 100-rupee notes equal one 500-rupee note. They also solve problems involving earning and giving change.

Children are asked to estimate the answer to the nearest hundred before solving each money word problem. They also compare pairs of expressions — such as 373 + 23 versus 373 + 40 — and decide which is larger without calculating.

Children are given a grid of numbers from 451 to 530 and asked to solve addition and subtraction problems, then colour the answers in the grid. The activity helps them notice the pattern of how digits change when adding 100, 10, or 1.

Kishan had 364 saplings and brought 52 more — how many does he have now? He needs to deliver 230 saplings but has packed only 75 — how many more must he pack? Peter uncle had 465 rupees in the morning and 756 by afternoon — how much did he earn?

The chapter encourages children to use Dienes (HTO) blocks, number lines, box diagrams, and play money made from notes and coins. The teacher's notes suggest allowing children to explore multiple strategies before moving to written methods.

Yes. Children make number cards with digits 0 to 5, form two 3-digit numbers, then add and subtract them. They rearrange the cards to try to get the biggest possible sum and the smallest possible difference, then compare results with classmates.

The chapter explains that in the village of Jadupur, people traded goods like rice, vegetables, and sarees based on their needs. Because different goods have different values, they had to give more of one thing to get another — for example, 5 sacks of onions for 2 sarees. The chapter asks children to discuss this in class.

Every problem in the chapter comes from a real situation — buying groceries, running a plant nursery, saving money in a piggy bank, or selling goods at a shop. This helps children see that addition and subtraction are not just school exercises but tools they can use every day.