Class 10 Science

Chapter 2 Solutions — Acids, Bases and Salts

Open Solutions PDF →Also seeTextbook page→

Open Solutions PDFReads in your browser→Also seeTextbook page→

Solutions

Overview

Step-by-step NCERT solutions for Acids, Bases and Salts (Chapter 2, CBSE Class 10 Science) — the full working for every question, not just the final answer. You can also read the Acids, Bases and Salts textbook chapter.

Solved

What these solutions cover

All 29 questions in Acids, Bases and Salts are solved in the PDF. Here's what's inside, exercise by exercise:

Acids and Bases — Indicators and Reactions

You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the three solutions?
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
3.
Which of the following are present in a dilute acid?
- (i) H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
- (ii) H₃O⁺ + OH⁻
- (iii) Cl⁻ + OH⁻
Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?
Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of dry litmus paper?

Acids and Bases in Solution — pH Scale

While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?
How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and the pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of these is acidic and which one is basic?
What effect does the concentration of H⁺(aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?

Importance of pH in Everyday Life

What is the importance of pH in everyday life? Explain with three examples.
Do basic solutions also have H⁺(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quicklime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or chalk (calcium carbonate)?

Common Salt and Baking Soda

What is the common name of the compound CaOCl₂?
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.

Washing Soda and Plaster of Paris

Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated? Give the equation of the reaction involved.

End-of-Chapter Questions

1.
A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be:
- (a) 1
- (b) 4
- (c) 5
- (d) 10
2.
A solution reacts with crushed egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky. The solution contains:
- (a) NaCl
- (b) HCl
- (c) LiCl
- (d) KCl
3.
10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given solution of HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution (of the same concentration) required to neutralise it will be:
- (a) 4 mL
- (b) 8 mL
- (c) 12 mL
- (d) 16 mL
For the reaction of any acid with a metal carbonate, write the products formed and a balanced chemical equation as an example.
For the reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid, write the balanced chemical equation. Also mention the type of reaction.
What happens when an acid or a base is mixed with water? Is the process exothermic or endothermic? Explain.
How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in the river difficult?
In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as by-product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.
Fill in the missing data in the following table: Name of salt | Formula | Salt obtained from | | Base | Acid Sodium chloride | ? | ? | ? ? | ? | Ca(OH)₂ | HNO₃ ? |Na₂SO₄| ? | ? Ammonium chloride| ? | ? | ?
What is the pH of a neutral solution? If a solution has a pH of 12, is it acidic or basic? If a solution has a pH of 2, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration.
What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Keep solving