Chapter 6 — Team Games and Sports II

The chapter covers four sports: Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Judo, and Wrestling. Each section includes history, rules, court or mat measurements, and fundamental skills.

The Kabaddi court measures 13×10 metres for men and 12×8 metres for women. A midline divides the court into two identical halves.

Each team has a minimum of 10 and maximum of 12 players. Seven players take the ground at a time; the remaining players are substitutes.

For men and junior boys, the match is two halves of 20 minutes each with a 5-minute interval. For women, junior girls, sub-junior boys and girls, it is two halves of 15 minutes with a 5-minute interval.

Lona is the bonus of 2 points awarded when one team puts out all players of the opposing team in a single move.

One point is awarded to the raider when they cross the bonus line, provided at least 6 players are in the court. If the raider is caught after crossing the bonus line, one point is awarded to the defending team instead.

Cant is the holding of breath by the raider during the attack while chanting the word 'kabaddi, kabaddi' in one single expiration.

A Kho-Kho playground is rectangular, 27 metres in length and 16 metres in width. The central lane is 24 metres long and there are two wooden poles at its ends, fixed 120 to 125 cm above the ground.

Each team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take the field for a contest.

Each team chases and defends for 9 minutes twice in a match. A match consists of two innings, and each inning has chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each.

In judo, 'ju' means 'gentle' and 'do' means 'the way or path'. Judo was created by Professor Jigoro Kano in Japan in the late 19th century, adapting principles of balance and leverage from jujutsu.

Judo became an Olympic sport in 1964 when Japan hosted the Olympics. Of the 16 medals awarded for Judo, Japan won three gold medals and one silver medal.

An Ippon is a score equal to 10 points achieved by using successful Judo techniques. Scoring an Ippon wins the contest outright.

If neither judoka scores an Ippon or wins by points after the five-minute period, the referee announces 'Golden Score', extending the match by an extra five minutes. The first contestant to score any point wins.

The two Olympic styles are Freestyle and Greco-Roman. In Greco-Roman, a wrestler may not attack the opponent's legs or use their own legs. In freestyle, both arms and legs may be used to execute holds or defend.

Takedown (1+ points): taking the opponent to the mat from a standing position. Reversal (1 point): reversing from bottom to top control. Escape (1 point): coming out from the bottom position to face the rival. Exposure: turning an opponent's shoulders past a 90-degree angle, scoring points.

Wrestling in India was popularly known as Malla Yuddha. The term Kushti, meaning wrestling, also refers to the local form of the art and is composed of three primary dimensions: dao, pench, and paintra (moves, counter-moves, and stance).

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